Development of a Simplex Optimization Technique for Biogas Generation of Electrical Energy

Biogas energy production is a key technology in the development of sustainable energy supply systems aiming at covering the energy demand using renewable sources. The production can be achieved with anaerobic digestion.This paper developsa simplex optimization model for biogas energy generation. The bio-digester used to generate the biogas energy in this work is animal manure because of availability of the materials. The simplex optimization model was then developed by adding a slack variable to the biogas model in order to find a value of the decision variable for the model. This was done to find a value of the decision variable where all the constraints are fulfilled. When a feasible basic solution wasfound, the algorithm sought from new vertex to find the optimal solution. The next vertex was chosen such that the search direction was in the steepest feasible direction. The developed simplex optimization model was then used to optimize the full-scale of the biogas energy. A simplexoptimization model for biogas energy generation with a coefficient of -1.1733 and 20.639 (R square value of -0.073) was developed.The resultsshowed that the total biogas energy generated before optimization were 636.6MW and 889.49MW after optimization. The biogas energy generation was increasedby 252.89MW, which was 39.7% increase after optimization. The results showed the applicability of the optimization model which can be exploited using optimal control scheme. The outcome of the optimization result indicates that the developed model is a useful mechanism yielding an economical solution on one hand and increase in renewable energy contribution on the other. Keywords: Biogas Energy Production, Computer Simulation, Simplex Optimization, Renewable Energy, Anaerobic Digestion, Coefficient of Polynomial

Improving Power Flow Control in AC Transmission System Using Phase Shifting Transformer (PST)

Obtaining optimal power flow has been a challenge over the years for power system engineers. Several ways and technologies ranging from conventional to the use of modern Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices have been incorporated into the power system to ensure optimal flow of power. FACTS devices used are capable of mitigating several power system problems ranging from line overloading, voltage instability, transient instability, and Power system congestion and so on. Phase shifting transformer (PST) is a FACTS device that is capable of controlling power flow problems in a network by varying its phase angle. PST, when installed at appropriate locations on the power system is capable of redirecting and redistributing power flow from overloaded lines to the less loaded ones, hence ensuring an optimal performance and improved performance of the power system.This paper evaluates the effect of incorporating the PST on the IEEE 5 bus system. Newton-Raphson load flow technique is employed in modeling the IEEE 5 bus system and the PST. Simulation was carried out using MATLAB software package for both the steady state condition and with the incorporation of PST. Results showed that overloading on some transmission lines was checked and mitigated by redistribution of active power across the system. There was also reduction of losses on the lines. Keywords: Phase Shifting Transformer, Power System, Power flow, MATLAB, Newton-Raphson. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/11-4-03 Publication date:June 30th 202

A Comparative Analysis of Renewable Energy Using Biogas and Solar Photovoltaic Systems: A Case Study of Ajaba, In Osun State

Renewable energy source is the energy obtained from natural and persistent flow of energy occurring in the immediate environment. Renewable energy systems are becoming widespread due to adverse environmental impacts and escalation in energy costs linked with the exercise of established energy sources. Solar and biogas are recognized as having the highest social, economic and environmental benefits of the renewable energy sources existing and also are the most feasible to use in a renewable hybrid energy system for electricity generation. This paper  compares biogas and solar energy for “Ajaba” near Ila-Orangun in Osun State to know the best renewable energy source for the area. The study considers photovoltaic cells as the device for trapping and converting solar energy to electrical energy while pig dung was used to prepare the digester materials for biogas energy and bio-digesters were used to convert the digester to electrical energy through dual ac generator. The simulation was carried out using MATLAB software to calculate the output energy. The result reveals that biogas energy generated more energy and performs better as compared to the solar energy for the area. This paper forms a basic for evaluation and performance of biogas energy for rural communities. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Biogas Energy, Solar Energy, MATLAB, Power, Photovoltaic, Bio-digester.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NEURO- FUZZY AND SIMPLEX OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR CONGESTION CONTROL IN ATM NETWORK.

Congestion always occurred when the transmission rate increased the data handling capacity of the network. Congestion normally arises when the network resources are not managed efficiently. Therefore if the source delivers at a speed higher then service rate queue, the queue size will be higher. Also if the queue size is finite, then the packet will observed delay. MATLAB Software was used to carry out simulations to develop Congestion control optimization Scheme for ATM Network with the aims to reducing the congestion of Enugu ATM Network. The results of the research reveal the minimization of congestion application model for Enugu ATM using optimization and Neuro-fuzzy. The result shows that congestion control model with Optimization and Neuro-fuzzy were 0.00003153 and 0.00002098 respectively. The ATM Congestion was reduced by 0.0000105, which is 18.2% decrease after Neuro-fuzzy controller was used. The results show the application of Neuro-fuzzy model which can use to control and minimized the ATM Congestion of Enugu ATM Network. The result shows that when Neuro-fuzzy is applied the congestion and the packet queue length in the buffer will be minimized. Key words: Congestion, MATLAB, Optimization, Neuro-fuzzy, ATM DOI: 10.7176/CTI/10-05 Publication date:July 31st 2020

Application of Fuzzy Logic Temperature Controller for Water Bottle Industry

The mathematical modeling involves convectional controller which affect the performance non-Linear and complex control system of the Bottle water industry. The system instability can be overcome by using intelligent controller to control and Monitor water temperature within a specific period of time in order to avoid overshoot and absolute error, with better temperature tracking capability. However, most industry does not have accurate and reliable monitoring mechanism capable of sensing when the water Temperature increases. The fuzzy Logic is used to control the Temperature of Bottle water at difference time of operation. This operational failure can be overcome by designing a model that will monitor and control the water temperature process thereby improving temperature control in water bottle industry using Fuzzy Logic Controller. MATLAB Software was used to carry out simulations to develop Temperature control in Bottle water industry with aims of improving operational mechanism of the industry. This model can then be trained with result gotten from the mathematical model in order to monitor and control the Water Temperature. The result showed that Bottle water Temperature with and without Fuzzy Logic Controller were 850C and 650C respectively. The Temperature increased by 200C. With these results, it shows that using fuzzy Logic Controller gives a better result than when fuzzy logic is not used. Keywords: Fuzzy Logic, Temperature, Control, MATLAB, Monitor. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/10-2-02 Publication date:March 31st 201

Reduction and control of harmonic on three-phase squirrel cage induction motors with voltage source inverter (VSI) using ANN-grasshopper optimization shunt active filters (ANN-GOSAF)

ABSTRACT: The research paper focuses on the reduction and control of harmonic in a 3-phaseSquirrel Cage induction motor (SCIM) which drive by a pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled three-phase converter using a newly proposed ANN-Grasshopper optimization Shunt Active filters (ANN-GOSAF) method. The converter is a nonlinear load whose operation generates harmonics, posing power quality problems to the system which results in excessive heating and motor torque pulsation. The effect of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on a three-phase squirrel induction motor with and without (ANN-GOSAF) was analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink software and compared with other previous methods by other researchers. The vector control method has been applied for improving the three-phase squirrel induction motor's dynamic performance. Also, 3-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) is used for indirect induction motor control speed through the pulse width modulation (PWM). The shunt power active filter (SAPF) is directly connected in parallel with the line. The grasshopper optimization algorithm is applied to perform the optimum data set while the ANN method is applied to minimize the signal error, for optimum shunt active filters PWM pulses generation. The ANN controller is applied for shunt active power filter to regulate voltage DC-link response. Second-order filter and compensator functions are performed by shunt-connected current control-VSI linked through an inductor with a DC tank capacitor and reduction of torque harmonics was performed using Grasshopper Optimizer.The SAPFs were configured and inserted into the model and then tuned to targeted frequencies at such harmonic orders, to produce signals which are out of phase with the harmonics present in the supply signal. The result shows the reduction of current harmonics from 32.28% to 0.75% while the voltage harmonics were correspondingly reduced from 79.50% to 1.87%. This resulted in purer waveforms of both current and voltage of the three-phase induction motor thereby improving motor performance, energy-use efficiency and reduced operating cost